DeaconClover11047
Each pair of items below illustrates a particular propaganda…
Each pair of items below illustrates a particular propaganda technique. Please identify the technique from the choices below.
1.
In a magazine ad, a cute little girl with a pink bow in her hair lies on a particular brand of carpet and says, “Do I have to go to the party?”
A hospital chain uses a portrait of Benjamin Franklin in its advertisements and claims that it, like Franklin, stands for innovation.
A. Name calling
B. Testimonial
C. Glittering generalities
D. Transfer
2.
“Cleans like magic,” states an ad for a household cleaning product.
In an ad for hair dye, a model proclaims that “It’s not just hair color, it’s color that works for me.
A. Name calling
B. Testimonial
C. Glittering generalities
D. Plain Folks
3.
A famous basketball player advises us to drink a particular brand of sports drink.
A teenage singing sensation tells how he uses a particular brand of acne medication to fight his zits.
A. Transfer
B. Testimonial
C. Bandwagon
D. Name calling
4.
The fast food industry labels critics of their industry as “food police,” “cookie cops,” and “the grease Gestapo.”
A candidate for Congress accuses the President of being a European-style socialist who would bankrupt our economy.
A. Transfer
B. Bandwagon
C. Plain folks
D. Name calling
5.
A cable company claims that more and more people are switching to it to access the Internet.
A TV commercial for a brand of soft drink shows people from all walks of life refreshing themselves by drinking the soft drink.
A. Transfer
B. Plain folks
C. Bandwagon
D. Name calling
6.
A TV commercial for a new brand of yogurt explains how common, everyday people in an upstate New York farming community built the yogurt brand from the ground up.
A balding, middle-aged man and his wife watch in satisfaction as a liquid drain opener unclogs their kitchen sink.
A. Transfer
B. Plain folks
C. Testimonial
D. Name calling
Each pair of items below illustrates a particular error in reasoning. Identify the letter of the logical fallacy contained in both items. Choose from the three fallacies shown below.
A. Circular reasoning (a statement repeats itself rather than providing a real supporting reason to back up an argument)
B. Personal attack (ignores the issue under discussion and concentrates instead on the character of the opponent)
C. Straw man (an argument is made by claiming an opponent holds an extreme position and then opposing that extreme position)
7.
Terrence just purchased a German-made sports car. He must not care that he’s helping to lay off American auto workers.
Congressman Whittaker opposes the death penalty. It must not bother him if murderers are set free to prey upon innocent people.
A. Circular reasoning
B. Personal attack
C. Straw man
8.
Bonnie is always talking about people behind their backs because she’s an incurable gossip.
My algebra instructor should be fired because she’s a terrible teacher.
A.Circular reasoning
B. Personal attack
C. Straw man
9.
It’s amazing that Jennifer Stiler has the nerve to run for mayor. Do people forget that when she was a teenager, she had a child out of wedlock?
My opponent for Congress is a decorated Gulf War veteranbut the injury he received was due to his own negligence.
A. Circular reasoning
B. Personal attack
C. Straw man
10.
Karl watches football all Sunday afternoon and evening because he’s a die-hard football fan.
Reese Witherspoon is the perfect actress to play that part because she’s really talented.
A. Circular reasoning
B. Personal attack
C. Straw man
11.
Senator Treadwell has come out in favor of civil unions for gays. Evidently he doesn’t care if gays pressure our kids to adopt their sinful lifestyle.
Joan has joined a group that opposes construction of a new baseball stadium in our neighborhood. I guess she wants to see our pro baseball team leave town.
A. Circular reasoning
B. Personal attack
C. Straw man
Each pair of items below illustrates a particular error in reasoning. Identify the letter of the logical fallacy contained in both items. Choose from the three fallacies shown below.
A. False cause (the argument assumes that the order of events alone shows cause and effect)
B. False comparison (the argument assumes that two things being compared are more alike than they really are)
C. Either-or (the argument assumes that there are only two sides to a question)
12.
Andy only got me a small box of chocolates for Valentine’s Day. That must mean he doesn’t really care for me.
If you don’t study at least three hours a night, you’re not serious about going to college.
A. False cause
B. False comparison
C. Either-or
13.
When I was a girl, the teacher’s word was law, so I don’t know where kids today get the idea that they can question authority.
My parents stayed together for forty-seven years, so I don’t see why we need to go to a marriage counselor.
A. False cause
B. False comparison
C. Either-or
14.
The last time I shopped at the mall, my wallet was stolen. They have poor security there.
Soon after the current president took office, the economy slowed down. He must not know what he’s doing.
A. False cause
B. False comparison
C. Either-or
15.
I was always a star student, so I know my kids will be college-bound.
Fifty years ago we didn’t have all these expensive medical tests, and people got along just fine without them.
A. False cause
B. False comparison
C. Either-or
16.
Excerpt from a chain letter: “If you send this letter to five other people, something wonderful will happen to you.”
Yesterday I forgot to take vitamin C, and this morning I woke up with a cold. Now I know that vitamin C actually does prevent colds.
A. False cause
B. False comparison
C. Either-or
After reading the passage, write the letter of the best answer to each question.
1When a person’s position in society is derived primarily through inheritance, we call this ascribed status; that is, a person’s position in society is fixed (or ascribed to him or her by others) on the basis of family background or genetic inheritance. 2Racial, ethnic, and religious differences, as well as gender, often serve as the basis for ascribed status. 3The caste system in India has long been an extreme example of a social structure based on ascribed status. 4Each level in society is known as a caste, and everyone is born belonging to a specific caste. 5The caste of the parents thus generally determines the status of their children, regardless of ability or merit.
17. The keys to the important ideas in this passage are
A. enumerations
B. definitions and an example
C. an enumeration and definitions
After reading the passage, write the letter of the best answer to each question.
1When a person’s position in society is derived primarily through inheritance, we call this ascribed status; that is, a person’s position in society is fixed (or ascribed to him or her by others) on the basis of family background or genetic inheritance. 2Racial, ethnic, and religious differences, as well as gender, often serve as the basis for ascribed status. 3The caste system in India has long been an extreme example of a social structure based on ascribed status. 4Each level in society is known as a caste, and everyone is born belonging to a specific caste. 5The caste of the parents thus generally determines the status of their children, regardless of ability or merit.
18. Study notes on this selection should include
A. major and minor details about social structures
B. examples of racial, ethnic, and religious differences
C. the definition of ascribed status and an example of a social structure based on ascribed status
After reading the passage, write the letter of the best answer to each question.
1Psychologist Lenore Walker developed a theory known as the “cycle of violence” to explain how women can get caught in a downward spiral of abuse without knowing what is happening to them. 2The cycle has three phases. 3The first phase is tension building. 4In this phase, minor battering occurs, and the woman may become more nurturant, more pleasing, and more intent on anticipating the spouse’s needs in order to forestall more violence. 5She assumes guilt for doing something to provoke him and tries hard to avoid doing it again. 6The second phase is acute battery. 7At this stage, pleasing her man doesn’t help, and she can no longer control or predict the abuse. 8Usually, the spouse is trying to “teach her a lesson,” and when he feels he has inflicted enough pain, he’ll stop. 9When the acute attack is over, he may respond with shock and denial about his own behavior. 10Both batterer and victim may soft-pedal the seriousness of the attacks. 11The final phase is remorse/reconciliation. 12During this “honeymoon” period, the batterer may be kind, loving, and apologetic, swearing he will never act violently again. 13He may stop his violent behavior for several weeks or months, and the woman may come to question whether she overreacted. 14When the tension that precipitated past abuses resurfaces, the man beats the woman again. 15Unless some form of intervention breaks the downward cycle of abuse, it will repeat itself again and again and perhaps end only with the woman’sor, rarely, the man’sdeath.
19. The keys to the important ideas in this passage are
A. definitions and examples.
B. a definition and an enumeration.
C. an enumeration.
After reading the passage, write the letter of the best answer to each question.
1Psychologist Lenore Walker developed a theory known as the “cycle of violence” to explain how women can get caught in a downward spiral of abuse without knowing what is happening to them. 2The cycle has three phases. 3The first phase is tension building. 4In this phase, minor battering occurs, and the woman may become more nurturant, more pleasing, and more intent on anticipating the spouse’s needs in order to forestall more violence. 5She assumes guilt for doing something to provoke him and tries hard to avoid doing it again. 6The second phase is acute battery. 7At this stage, pleasing her man doesn’t help, and she can no longer control or predict the abuse. 8Usually, the spouse is trying to “teach her a lesson,” and when he feels he has inflicted enough pain, he’ll stop. 9When the acute attack is over, he may respond with shock and denial about his own behavior. 10Both batterer and victim may soft-pedal the seriousness of the attacks. 11The final phase is remorse/reconciliation. 12During this “honeymoon” period, the batterer may be kind, loving, and apologetic, swearing he will never act violently again. 13He may stop his violent behavior for several weeks or months, and the woman may come to question whether she overreacted. 14When the tension that precipitated past abuses resurfaces, the man beats the woman again. 15Unless some form of intervention breaks the downward cycle of abuse, it will repeat itself again and again and perhaps end only with the woman’sor, rarely, the man’sdeath.
20. Study notes on this selection should consist of
A. a list of reasons why women become abused.
B. a list of the three phases of the “cycle of violence” and a brief description of each.
C. the definition of domestic abuse.
