BailiffComputerPorcupine35
Phonology Exercises 20 points For each data set, answer the…
Phonology Exercises 20 points
For each data set, answer the following:
Identify whether the specified sounds are in contrastive distribution, complementary distribution, or free variation.
If the sounds are in contrastive distribution or free variation, provide evidence to support your conclusion.
If the sounds are allophones of the same phoneme in complementary distribution, provide a phonological rule. You may write the rule out in words instead of using rule notation.
4. Language A, [b] and [bh]
Note: [bh] is an aspirated [b].
[bhut] ‘ghost’ [bhi] ‘also’
[bi?] ‘middle’ [?ffibh] ‘tongue’
[g?mbhir] ‘serious [?balna] ‘to boil’
[bar] ‘occasion’ [abhari] ‘grateful’
[s?bhi] ‘all’ [?abi] ‘key’
[?eb] ‘pocket’ [bhar] ‘burden’
[l?gbh?g] ‘approximately’ [b?kna] ‘to be sold’
a) Distribution:
b) Evidence or c) Phonological rule:
5. Language B, [t] and [t?s]
Notes: [t?s] is a dental affricate. [y] is a tense high front rounded vowel.
[akt?s?f] ‘active’ [t?sy] ‘you’ (sub.)
[tu] ‘all’ (masculine) [twe] ‘you’ (obj.)
[t?tal] ‘total’ [d?t] ‘doubt’
[t?t] ‘all’ (feminine) [s?rt?si] ‘exit’
[t?s?p] ‘type [adm?t] ‘admit’
a) Distribution:
b) Evidence or c) Phonological rule:
6. Language C, [ç], [h], and [s]
Note: [ç] is a voiceless palatal fricative.
[n?s?] ‘bead’ [hu?n] ‘blows’
[h?r] ‘bottom’ [hor] ‘cave’
[hat] ‘foundation’ [h??n] ‘his skill’
[ho:ksi] ‘hot’ [çirqan] ‘knife’
[ha?n] ‘knows’ [çiep] ‘pocket’
[h?l] ‘poplar’ [çi?v?s] ‘rotted’
a) Distribution:
b) Evidence or c) Phonological rule:
Morphology Exercises (simple type) 10 points
For each data set,
identify the morphological process(es)
describe the morphological rule
translate the given word or phrase from English
7. Language D
Note: [x] is a voiceless velar fricative.
[dana] ‘wise’ [danai] ‘wisdom’
[daro?t] ‘thick’ [daro?ti] ‘thickness’
[bozorg] ‘big’ [bozorgi] ‘size’
[xub] ‘good’ [xubi] ‘goodness’
[?irin] ‘sweet’
a) Morphological process(es):
The morphological process in Language D appears to involve affixation specifically, suffixation to derive various forms and meanings.
b) Morphological rule (be specificform and meaning):
b) Morphological rule:
Form: The suffix “-i” is added to a base word to indicate a noun meaning.
Meaning: The suffix “-i” denotes the concept or quality associated with the base word.
c) To translate “sweetness” into Language D we would use the base word “jirin” (sweet) and add the noun suffix “-i” to indicate the quality or concept. The translation would be “”.
c) Translate ‘sweetness’ into Language D:
[jirini]
8. Language E
[takato] ‘lie down’ [takakato] ‘we/you(pl)/they lie down’
[mafuli] ‘turned around’ [mafufuli] ‘we/you(pl)/they turned around’
[apulu] ‘capsize’ [apupulu] ‘we/you(pl)/they capsize’
[kai] ‘eat’ [kakai] ‘we/you(pl)/they eat’
[nofo] ‘stay’ [nonofo] ‘we/you(pl)/they stay’
[fepaki] ‘collide’
a) Morphological process(es):
b) Morphological rule (be specificform and meaning):
c) Translate ‘we collide’ into Language E:
Morphology Exercise (complex type) 15 points
Answer the questions as directed.
9. Language F
Note: [x] is a voiceless velar fricative.
[stelmemen] ‘he touches’ [noktelmemen] ‘I will touch’
[nosiytelmemen] ‘they will touch’ [nokcimutelew] ‘I will bite’
[kiycimutelew] ‘we bite’ [sxiliwayan] ‘it floats’
[nokiyxiliwayan] ‘we will float’ [keqwel] ‘I do’
What are the morphemes for each of the following?
1st person subject
3rd person subject
singular
plural
present tense
future tense
float
touch
bite
do
What is the proper order of these morphemes in Language F verbs: number, person, tense, verb stem?
How do you say the following in Language F?
‘they do’ [nosiykwel]
‘we will do’ [noksiykwel]
‘he bites'[stelcimutelew]
Morphosyntax Exercise 15 points
Answer the questions as directed.
10. Language G
[u b?na daga kari] ‘They will break the pot.’
[ne b?na tiga tobi] ‘I will cook rice.’
[u b? ji min] ‘They drink water.’
[ji b? min] ‘The water is drunk.’
[mun b? tobi] ‘What is cooked?’
[an b?na daga dilan] ‘We will repair the pot.’
[daga b?na dilan] ‘The pot will be repaired.’
[safura b? mun k?] ‘What does Safura do?’
[safura b? baara ke] ‘Safura does work.’
[an b? sogo dun] ‘We are eating meat.’
What phrase structure rules are represented in the data for active voice statements?
How are passives formed in Language G?
How are what questions formed in Language G?
Translate these sentences into English:
[an b?na mun min]
[ne b? sogo tobi]
Write the following sentences in Language G:
The rice will be eaten.
What are they repairing?
