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ownload the Sample Informative Speech outline Download Sample Informative Speech outlinefrom the previous page.
You will edit this document by replacing the sample information with your own information and words.
Your PowerPoint Preview of Main Points should include the 3 main points that you will put into your body section of the outline.
For the sample provided….the 3 main points / titles of slides would be….1. Gathering Nectar, 2. Processing Nectar, 3. Gathering Nectar to Make Honey, 4. Conclusion, 5. References.
Decide how you plan to establish your credibility, what your attention-getter will be…then write them into your outline.
Know that this will be an EXTEMPORANEOUS presentation style, however, the outline will help to organize your thoughts and keep you on track.
Keep your time limit in mind (3-4 minutes).
Make sure that your references are cited in APA format at the end.
Check back to this assignment for any feedback that I will provide so that you can make the necessary corrections to your final outline before submitting to your informative speech assignment.
Kathy Johnson, SPCH 1321-044, Fall 2013
Speech Title: How Bees Make Honey
Purpose: To Inform
Main Objective: Explain to a lay (none beekeeping) audience how bees make honey
Introduction
Attention Getting Strategy: How many of you use honey as a cooking or flavoring ingredient? If you’re like most people, you know that honey comes from bees, but you don’t have any idea how bees translate this (visual aid: flowers) to this (visual aid: jar of honey).
Credibility/Tie to Audience: I’ve been a beekeeper for a couple of years now, but I’m still amazed at how fascinating and complex bees are. Once I’ve explained how honey is made, I think you’ll agree with me, and I bet you’ll never be able to look at a bee or a jar of honey in quite the same way!
Preview Statement: Today I’ll tell you about the three basic steps in making honey: Gathering nectar, processing nectar, and drying nectar. For those with a weak stomach I’ll warn you ahead of time, it involves a lot of regurgitation (spitting).
Transition to Body: The first step in the process is gathering the nectar.
Body
Gathering Nectar
Worker bees spend their days searching for flowering plants, which have nectar. I’ve always thought of nectar as just sugary sweet water, but according to the Encyclopedia Britannica, it’s a complex combination of 3 sugars (fructose, glucose, and sucrose), as well as traces of proteins, salts, acids, and oils..
When bees find these flowering plants, they use their tongues, which are flexible, hollow tubes, to suck the nectar from the bottom of the flower.
I’m betting you’ve never thought much about bee tongues, but they’re pretty interesting. A bee’s tongue is surprisingly long. According to the National Geographic’s Honeybee website, bees average between .4 to .6 inches long, but their tongues are almost ¼ of an inch long; so almost half their body size. This long tongue is what allows bees to collect nectar from so many different kinds of flowering plants.
One thing I find very interesting about this step is that when bees are going from one flower to the next gathering nectar, bits of pollen adhere to their legs and get transferred from plant to plant. This pollination process is essential to our food supply. According to an article published by the Yale University’s School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, one of every 3 bites of food eaten worldwide depends on pollinators, in particular bees, for a successful harvest.
The worker bee stores all the nectar in a special honey stomach, called a crop.
Transition to Next Main Point: The second step in honey production, processing the nectar, begins in the bee’s crop, thanks to chemicals called enzymes.
Processing the nectar:.
While the bee continues her day collecting nectar, her honey stomach enzymes are busy converting the nectar that is already there into glucose and fructose; a different enzyme in her honey stomach then converts some of the glucose into acid and hydrogen peroxide. Making the nectar acidic kills any bacteria that might be in the nectar.
Once her crop is filled with nectar, the worker returns to the hive.
Transition to Next Main Point: This last step, drying the nectar, is done when the bee returns to the hive.
Drying nectar to make honey:
Back in the hive, the worker bee regurgitates the nectar back through her mouth.
If the nectar is not yet processed into sugars, the bee will pass the nectar to one of her sisters, who will further process it in her crop.
If the nectar is adequately processed, the worker will regurgitate the nectar into a six sided cell inside the hive (honeycomb visual aid)
The final step: reduce moisture content of the nectar. For nectar to become honey, the amount of water in the nectar needs to be reduced to about 19%.
The warmth in the beehive, which contains 20,000 to 60,000 bees, generally causes the moisture to evaporate.
But if the humidity in the environment is very high, worker bees will line up on the side of the honeycomb and fan their wings to help hasten moisture evaporation.
Once enough moisture evaporates from the honey, the bees cap the cells with wax to keep moisture or bacteria from getting to the honey
Transition to Conclusion: So I guess you could say the process of making honey is straightforward, but it is also complex and fascinating
Conclusion
Summary of Main Points: Today I described the three basic steps in making honey: gathering, processing, and drying nectar.
Closing Statement: Now that you’ve learned how honey is made, I hope next time you hear a buzzing bee, or open a jar or honey, you’ll have a greater appreciation of what is involved in turning this (flower visual aid) into this (honey jar visual aid).
Bibliography
Grossman, E. (2013, April 30). Declining bee populations pose a threat to global agriculture. Retrieved from Yale Environment 360 website: http://e360.yale.edu/feature/declining_bee_populations_pose_a_threat_to_global_agriculture/2645/
Honeybee: Apis mellifera. (n.d.). Retrieved September 19, 2013, from http://animals.nationalgeographic.com/animals/bugs/honeybee/
Nectar. (n.d.). Retrieved September 19, 2013, from http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/407779/nectar
